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LUMBER SPONDYLOSIS

Spondylolysis

Spondylolysis is a small crack between two vertebrae (the bones in your spine). Spondylolysis usually causes lower back pain. Most people don’t need surgery to treat it. Rest, medication and physical therapy are most successful when started early, so visit a healthcare provider if you or your child have back pain.

What is spondylolysis?

“Spondylolysis” is the medical term for a small crack (fracture) between two vertebrae in your spine. Your vertebrae are the 33 bones that make up your spinal column. A single bone in your spine is a vertebra — vertebrae is the plural form.

Healthcare providers sometimes refer to spondylolysis as pars defect or pars fractures because it affects your pars interarticularis — the tiny ridges of bone that link your vertebrae together.

Spondylolysis most commonly affects your lower back (lumber spine), but it can also happen in the other sections of your spine — in your neck (cervical spine) or middle back (thoracic spine).

How common is spondylolysis?

Experts estimate that spondylolysis affects less than 10% of Americans each year. It’s more common in kids and teens, especially children who play contact sports.

Symptoms and Causes

What are the symptoms of spondylolysis?

Lower back pain is the most common spondylosis symptom. The pain usually:

  • Spreads (radiates) from your lower back into your  thigh and butt muscles (buttocks).
  • Feels like a muscle strain in or around your lower back.
  • Gets worse during physical activity and improves with rest or when you’re less active.

Some people with spondylolysis never experience symptoms. These people may only learn they have it when they have an imaging test for another reason later on.

What causes spondylolysis?

Damage to part of your vertebrae called the pars interarticularis causes spondylolysis.

The pars interarticularis are thin pieces of bone that link your vertebrae directly above and below each other to form a working unit. These links let your spine move and flex. Anything that damages your pars interarticularis can crack them. Providers call these cracks pars fractures.

The most common causes of pars fractures include:

  • Overuse: Repetitive motions that put stress on your low back cause wear and tear on your vertebrae. Over time, this damage can add up to cause a pars fracture. Doing physical work for your job, playing contact sports and repeatedly injuring your low back can all damage your vertebrae.
  • Growth spurts: Some kids and teens develop spondylolysis when they’re going through a growth spurt — a period when their bodies are physically growing and changing quickly.
  • Genetics: Some people are born with thinner vertebrae. This can make you more likely to experience a pars fracture.

Spondylolysis risk factors

Anyone can experience spondylolysis. Certain groups of people have a higher risk of a pars fracture, including:

  • Athletes who play contact sports like football, gymnastics or weightlifting.
  • Kids and teens whose bodies are still rapidly growing and changing.
  • People of Indigenous Alaskan descent. Studies have found that people with Native Alaskan ethnicity are more likely to be born with thinner vertebrae.

What are the most common complications of spondylolysis?

The back pain that comes with spondylolysis can also lead to reduced mobility (how well or comfortably you can move).

Untreated spondylolysis can lead to spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis happens when your vertebrae are cracked or weakened enough by spondylolysis to slip out of place. If a slipped vertebra presses on a nerve, you may develop shooting pain in your legs (sciaticas). Some people need surgery to relieve spondylolisthesis symptoms and get back to their normal routine.

How is spondylolysis diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will diagnose spondylolysis with a physical exam and imaging tests. They’ll ask you about your symptoms and medical history. Tell your provider when you first noticed pain in your back and what you were doing right before you started feeling it.

What tests are done to diagnose spondylolysis?

Your provider will use imaging tests to take pictures of your vertebrae and the tissue around your spine, including:

Management and Treatment

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